Natural 1-Propanol

Product Name:

Natural 1-Propanol

CAS:

71-23-8

MF:

C3H8O

MW:

60.1

EINECS:

200-746-9

Mol File:

71-23-8.mol

Melting point 

-127 °C(lit.)

Boiling point 

97 °C(lit.)

density 

0.804 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor density 

2.1 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

10 mm Hg ( 147 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.384(lit.)

FEMA 

2928 | PROPYL ALCOHOL

Fp 

59 °F

storage temp. 

Store at RT.

solubility 

H2O: passes test

pka

>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)

form 

Liquid

color 

<10(APHA)

Odor

Resembles that of ethyl alcohol.

PH

7 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Relative polarity

0.617

Odor Threshold

0.094ppm

explosive limit

2.1-19.2%(V)

Water Solubility 

soluble

λmax

λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.40
λ: 240 nm Amax: ≤0.071
λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.0044

Merck 

14,7842

JECFA Number

82

BRN 

1098242

Henry's Law Constant

6.75 (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)

Exposure limits

TLV-TWA (200 ppm); (500 mg/m3); STEL 250 ppm (625 mg/m3); IDLH 4000 ppm.

Stability:

Stable. May form peroxides in contact with air. Incompatible with alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminium, oxidizing agents, nitro compounds. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive.

CAS DataBase Reference

71-23-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1-Propanol(71-23-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

1-Propanol (71-23-8)

Hazard Codes 

F,Xi

Risk Statements 

11-41-67

Safety Statements 

7-16-24-26-39

RIDADR 

UN 1274 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

UH8225000

F 

10-23

Autoignition Temperature

700 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29051200

Hazardous Substances Data

71-23-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in rats: 1.87 g/kg (Smyth)

Chemical Properties

1-Propanol is a clear, colorless liquid with a typical alcohol odor.

Chemical Properties

Propyl alcohol has an alcoholic odor and a characteristic ripe, fruity flavor.

Physical properties

Colorless liquid with a mild, alcohol-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were <75 μg/m3 (<31 ppbv) and 200 μg/m3 (81 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 100 ppbvwas reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Occurrence

Reported found in the natural aromas of apple, cognac and rum; also formed during alcoholic fermentation. Also reported found in apple, apricot, banana, sweet cherry, papaya, pineapple, orange juice, lingonberry, cranberry, grapes, peas, pineapple, raspberry, strawberry, onion, leek, tomato, ginger, vinegar, many cheeses, butter, fatty fish, fish oil, cooked beef, mutton and pork, beer, several types of bread, pear brandy, Scotch blended whiskey, malt whiskey, cognac, armagnac, weinbrand rum, bourbon whiskey, Irish whiskey, rum, grape wines, cider, sherry, cocoa, tea, roasted filberts and peanuts, honey, soybean, oats, passion fruit, plum, beans, mushroom, apple and plum brandy, gin, rice, rice bran, quince, prickly pear, jackfruit, sake, buckwheat, loquat, wild rice, anise brandy, endive, truffle, arrack, clam, cape gooseberry and Chinese quince.

Uses

1-Propanol is used in making n-propyl acetate; and as a solvent for waxes, resins, vegetable oils, and flexographic printing ink. It is produced from the fermentation and spoilage of vegetable matter.

Uses

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Uses

As a solvent for resins and cellulose esters, etc.

Definition

propanol: Either of two alcohols with the formula C3H7OH. Propan-1- ol is CH3CH2CH2OH and propan-2-ol is CH3CH(OH)CH3. Both are colourless volatile liquids. Propan-2-ol is used in making propanone (acetone).

Definition

ChEBI: The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.

Production Methods

1-Propanol is produced commercially by the oxo process by reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give propionaldehyde, which is then hydrogenated.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 5.7 to 40 ppm; recognition: 600 to 6300 ppm

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point 53-77°F. Autoignites at 700°F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

1-Propanol reacts with alkali metal, nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents .

Hazard

Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive limits in air 2–13%. Toxic by skin absorption. Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

Target organs: skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tracts, and respiratory system. Toxic routes: ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 5400 mg/kg (NIOSH1986)
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 6700 mg/kg(NIOSH 1986)
Ingestion causes headache, drowsiness,abdominal cramps, gastrointestinal pain,ataxia, nausea, and diarrhea. Eye contactproduces irritation. It may cause dermatitison repeated skin contact. Although thetoxicity of 1-propanol is low, at a highconcentration it may produce a narcoticeffect, as well as irritation of the eyes, nose,and throat..

Fire Hazard

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Poison by subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. A skin and severe eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation data reported. A flammable liquid and dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Ignites on contact with potassium-tert- butoxide. Dangerous upon exposure to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Potential Exposure

n-Propyl alcohol is used as as solvent in lacquers, dopes; to make cosmetics; dental lotions; clea- ners, polishes, and pharmaceuticals; as a surgical antiseptic. It is a solvent for vegetable oils, natural gums and resins; rosin, shellac, certain synthetic resins; ethylcellulose, and butyral; as a degreasing agent; as a chemical intermediate.