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Product Name: |
Ethyl formate |
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Synonyms: |
mrowczanetylu;mrowczanetylu(polish);ETHYL FORMATE NATURAL;ETHYL FORMATE 97+% FCC;ETHYL FORMATE, STANDARD FOR GC;ETHYL FORMATE REAGENT GRADE 97%;EthylFormateForSynthesis;Ethyl formate (technical) |
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CAS: |
109-94-4 |
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MF: |
C3H6O2 |
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MW: |
74.08 |
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EINECS: |
203-721-0 |
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Product Categories: |
Organics;Analytical Chemistry;Organic synthesis;Solvents for HPLC & Spectrophotometry;Solvents for Spectrophotometry |
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Mol File: |
109-94-4.mol |
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Melting point |
−80 °C(lit.) |
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Boiling point |
52-54 °C(lit.) |
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density |
0.921 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
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vapor density |
2.5 (vs air) |
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vapor pressure |
15.16 psi ( 55 °C) |
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refractive index |
n20/D 1.359(lit.) |
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FEMA |
2434 | ETHYL FORMATE |
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Fp |
7 °F |
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storage temp. |
Flammables area |
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solubility |
Miscible with alcohol, benzene, and ether (Hawley, 1981) |
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form |
Liquid |
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color |
Clear |
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Odor |
Characteristic; pleasant aromatic. |
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Odor Threshold |
2.7ppm |
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explosive limit |
16% |
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Water Solubility |
11 g/100 mL (18 ºC) |
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Sensitive |
Moisture Sensitive |
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Merck |
14,3807 |
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JECFA Number |
26 |
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BRN |
906769 |
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Henry's Law Constant |
0.097(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol) at 5.00 °C, 0.13 at 10.00 °C, 0.17 at 15.00 °C, 0.23 at 20.00 °C, 0.29 at 25.00 °C (column stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005) |
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Exposure limits |
TLV-TWA 100 ppm (～300 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 8000 ppm (NIOSH). |
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Stability: |
Stable. Extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, nitrates. |
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InChIKey |
WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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CAS DataBase Reference |
109-94-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
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NIST Chemistry Reference |
Formic acid, ethyl ester(109-94-4) |
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EPA Substance Registry System |
Ethyl formate (109-94-4) |
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Hazard Codes |
F,Xn |
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Risk Statements |
11-20/22-36/37 |
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Safety Statements |
9-16-24-26-33 |
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RIDADR |
UN 1190 3/PG 2 |
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WGK Germany |
1 |
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RTECS |
LQ8400000 |
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Autoignition Temperature |
851 °F |
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TSCA |
Yes |
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HazardClass |
3 |
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PackingGroup |
II |
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HS Code |
29151300 |
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Hazardous Substances Data |
109-94-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
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Toxicity |
LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth) |
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Chemical Properties |
Ethyl Formate occurs widely in fruits. It is a liquid with a slightly pungent, fruity, ethereal odor and is used in fruit flavors. |
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Chemical Properties |
Ethyl formate has a characteristic, pungent odor similar to ethyl acetate and reminiscent of pineapple and a slightly bitter taste. It has been also reported to have a rum-like odor. The ester is slightly soluble in water (9 parts/100 at 18 °C) with gradual decomposition into formic acid and ethanol; it is miscible in ethanol, ether, and acetone (HSDB, 2013), as well as in benzene. |
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Physical properties |
Colorless, clear liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor. An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990). |
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Uses |
As flavor for lemonades and essences; for manufacture of artificial rum and arrack; also as a solvent for nitrocellulose; as fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruits, etc.; in organic synthesis. |
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Uses |
Ethyl formate is used as a solvent; as aflavor for lemonades and essences; and as afungicide and larvicide for cereals, dry fruits,tobacco, and so on. |
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Definition |
ChEBI: A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol. |
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Production Methods |
Ethyl formate is manufactured via esterfication of formic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid and alternatively by distillation of ethyl acetate and formic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. |
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Aroma threshold values |
Detection: 17 ppm |
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Taste threshold values |
Taste characteristics at 60 ppm: sweet, chemical with clean, fresh, fruity lift. |
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General Description |
A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point -4°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. |
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Air & Water Reactions |
Highly flammable. Soluble in water. Slowly decomposed by water to formic acid, a corrosive material and ethyl alcohol, another flammable liquid. |
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Fire Hazard |
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back. |
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Chemical Reactivity |
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. |
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Agricultural Uses |
Fumigant, Insecticide: Used as a fumigant, especially on dried fruit, Also used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate and in the production of synthetic flavors. Not currently registered for agricultural use in EU countries and the U.S. Used in Australia and there are 63 global suppliers. |
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Safety Profile |
Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mddly toxic by skin contact and inhalation. A powerful inhalation irritant in humans. A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Highly flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxilzers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, spray, mist, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS. |
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Waste Disposal |
Spray into a furnace in admixture with a flammable solvent |
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Preparation Products |
2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-->4-Chloropyridine-3-carboxaldehyde-->4-METHOXY-3-BUTEN-2-ONE-->2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIMIDIN-4-AMINE-->METHYL 3-AMINO-6-METHYLTHIOPHENO[2,3-B]PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLATE-->7-Aminoisoquinoline-->6-Methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine-->5-Acetamidomethyl-4-Amino-2-Methyl pyrimidine-->2-AMINO-4-METHYLOXAZOLE-->5-BROMO-4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPYRIMIDINE-->Thiamine chloride-->AMITRAZ METABOLITE HYDROCHLORIDE-->Tropic acid-->4-CHLORO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIMIDINE-->Methyl 3-amino-4-phenylthiophene-2-carboxylate-->3-Cyano-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone-->N-Methylformamide-->3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE-->7-NITRO-3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE-->2-AMINO-PYRIMIDINE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER-->4,5,6-TRIAMINOPYRIMIDINE-->2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile-->1H-1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-amine-->Ninhydrin hydrate-->4-METHYLPYRIMIDIN-2-OL HYDROCHLORIDE-->1-(PHENYLSULFONYL)-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBALDEHYDE-->A-(HYDROXYMETHYL)BENZENACETIC ACID METHYL ESTER-->4-Hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-->4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine-->1-Methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde-->5-N-PROPYLURACIL-->5-PROPYL-2-THIOURACIL-->4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPYRIMIDINE-->4,5-DIBROMOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXALDEHYDE-->7-Bromoisoquinoline-->4-CHLORO-1-ETHYL-3-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER-->α-Dimethoxymethyl-methoxypropionitrile-->EPOSTANE-->alpha,alpha-Diphenyl-L-prolinol-->1,1-Diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene |
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Raw materials |
Etanol-->Formic acid-->Calcium chloride-->Aluminium chloride hexahydrate |
